NAD+ — Reference, Dosing & Cited Studies

What it is

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is an essential coenzyme that supports cellular energy production and mitochondrial function. It powers redox metabolism, sirtuin and PARP signalling, and DNA repair processes. Tissue NAD+ levels decline with age — supplementation strategies aim to restore baseline and support energy, focus, and cellular resilience.

Mechanism of action

NAD+/NADH redox couple is central to glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ is a substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1–7), PARPs, and CD38, linking it to chromatin regulation, DNA damage response, and circadian / metabolic biology.

Half-life: Short — minutes once delivered; precursors (NMN, NR) and IV NAD+ extend systemic exposure differently.

Evidence summary

Strong preclinical case for NAD+ supplementation in aging, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disease. Human precursor trials show modest but real biomarker improvements; large outcome trials are still emerging.

Typical dosing protocols

Typical dose

50000–50000 mcg

Frequency

Every third day

Cycle length

4 weeks

Subcutaneous: 50–250 mg daily, titrate to flush tolerance
IV: 250–1,000 mg infused over 2–4 hours, weekly to monthly
Pair with NAD+ precursors (NMN, NR) and exercise

Side effects & safety

Flushing, chest pressure, nausea on rapid IV infusion — slow the rate
Mild fatigue or vivid dreams reported anecdotally
Methyl-donor depletion concern with chronic high doses — pair with B-vitamins

Cited studies

Disclaimer

All content is for research and educational purposes. Peptides described are sold for laboratory research use only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before beginning any protocol.